Paradigm Shift of Disability in Pakistan

 

The relationship between the state and its citizens, and the interactions within society itself, have undergone a profound transformation. A rights-based approach has emerged as a dominant force in Pakistani society, significantly altering the landscape of social and political discourse. This shift is particularly evident in the realm of disability rights, where a paradigm shift has occurred, moving away from a charity-based model towards a rights-based framework.

Historically, the care of individuals with disabilities was largely viewed as an act of charity. This perspective, however, has been challenged by a growing recognition of the fundamental human rights of all individuals, regardless of their abilities. Today, people with disabilities possess the legal right to dignity, inclusion, non-discrimination, and equal opportunities. This shift in perspective has redefined disability itself, moving beyond a purely medical or physiological understanding.

Sociological research, grounded in the lived experiences and narratives of people with disabilities, has played a crucial role in this transformation. This research has highlighted that disability is not solely a consequence of individual limitations but rather a result of societal barriers. Economic, social, and physical obstacles erected by society often serve to marginalize individuals with disabilities, limiting their full participation and contribution to society.

This recognition has led to a paradigm shift, where the onus now lies on society to make the necessary structural changes to ensure the inclusion and empowerment of people with disabilities. This principle is enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which Pakistan has ratified, signifying a commitment to upholding these rights within the country.

The Independent Living Movement in Pakistan, supported by organizations like the HANDS Foundation, exemplifies the remarkable strides made by people with disabilities in advocating for their own rights and well-being. This movement has fostered the establishment of Independent Living Centers, providing crucial training and support to individuals with severe disabilities, enabling them to lead more independent and fulfilling lives.

Despite significant legislative advancements, challenges remain. Organizations of persons with disabilities are currently facing challenges in areas such as inclusive education and employment. While some progressive organizations embrace inclusive hiring practices and provide reasonable accommodations for qualified employees with disabilities, this remains the exception rather than the norm. In many cases, employers, without even considering the applicant's qualifications, reject applications from individuals with disabilities.

Moving forward, it is crucial to continue advocating for the full implementation of disability rights legislation. This includes ensuring accessible education at all levels, promoting inclusive employment practices, and creating a more inclusive and accessible society for all. By fostering a society that values diversity and respects the rights of all its members, Pakistan can truly unlock the potential of people with disabilities and build a more equitable and just nation.

Different and Able is not Differently Abled

Language is a powerful tool that shapes perceptions and can either promote inclusivity or perpetuate misconceptions. When it comes to discussing disabilities, the terms we use matter significantly. One term that has been widely adopted is "differently abled." While it was initially coined with good intentions, its use has been a topic of debate, with arguments suggesting it may inadvertently undermine the very inclusivity it aims to promote. Additionally, there is often confusion between the terms "differently abled" and "different & able." This article explores the wrong use of "differently abled" and clarifies the distinctions between the two phrases.

The Evolution of Disability Terminology

Historically, language used to describe individuals with disabilities has evolved significantly. Terms like "handicapped" and "crippled" were once commonplace, but they have since been recognized as outdated and offensive. As society has become more aware of the importance of respectful language, terms like "disabled" and "person with a disability" have gained prominence. The shift towards person-first language, which emphasizes the individual rather than the disability, has been a crucial step in promoting dignity and respect.

The Emergence of "Differently Abled"

"Differently abled" emerged as a term intended to offer a more positive and empowering perspective on disability. It suggests that individuals with disabilities possess unique abilities and strengths that set them apart. While the intention behind this term was to reduce stigma and highlight the diverse capabilities of people with disabilities, it has faced criticism for several reasons:

1. Euphemism and Avoidance: Critics argue that "differently abled" can be seen as a euphemism that avoids addressing the reality of disability. By focusing on differences rather than the specific challenges individuals face, the term can obscure the need for accommodations and support.

2. Overemphasis on Abilities: The term places a heavy emphasis on abilities, which can inadvertently downplay the genuine difficulties and barriers that people with disabilities encounter. This can lead to unrealistic expectations and a lack of understanding of their lived experiences.

3. **Minimizing the Disability Experience**: Some individuals with disabilities feel that "differently abled" minimizes their experiences by implying that they are merely different, rather than acknowledging the societal and structural barriers they face. This can detract from the advocacy efforts aimed at achieving equality and accessibility.

The Argument for Accurate Terminology

Using accurate and respectful terminology is essential for fostering a more inclusive society. Advocates for disability rights emphasize the importance of using terms that accurately reflect the experiences and identities of individuals with disabilities. "Disabled" and "person with a disability" are widely accepted terms that acknowledge the reality of disability while prioritizing the individual.

Distinguishing Between "Differently Abled" and "Different & Able"

The phrase "different & able" is often used interchangeably with "differently abled," but there are subtle yet important distinctions between the two:

1. Intent and Emphasis:

   - Differently Abled: This term emphasizes the idea of possessing different abilities. It seeks to highlight the unique strengths and talents of individuals with disabilities, often with the intention of promoting a positive perspective.

   - Different & Able: This phrase acknowledges both the differences and abilities of individuals. It recognizes that while individuals with disabilities may have unique abilities, they also face challenges that require accommodations and support.

2. Perception and Reception:

   - Differently Abled: As mentioned earlier, "differently abled" can sometimes be perceived as a euphemism that avoids addressing the reality of disability. It may be seen as an attempt to sugarcoat or downplay the challenges that individuals face.

   - Different & Able: This phrase strikes a balance between acknowledging differences and emphasizing abilities. It is generally perceived as more neutral and less likely to be interpreted as avoiding the topic of disability.

3. Impact on Advocacy:

   - Differently Abled: The use of this term can inadvertently shift the focus away from the need for systemic changes and accessibility. By emphasizing abilities, it may undermine efforts to advocate for policies and practices that address barriers.

   - Different & Able: This phrase allows for a more comprehensive understanding of disability. It acknowledges the need for accommodations and support while also recognizing the unique strengths of individuals.

Moving Towards Inclusive Language

Promoting inclusivity requires a nuanced understanding of language and its impact. Here are some guidelines for using respectful and inclusive language when discussing disabilities:

1. Listen to the Community: The best way to ensure respectful language use is to listen to individuals with disabilities and the disability advocacy community. Their perspectives and preferences should guide the language choices we make.

2. Use Person-First Language: Person-first language, such as "person with a disability," prioritizes the individual rather than defining them by their disability. It emphasizes their identity and humanity.

3. Avoid Euphemisms: While terms like "differently abled" may be well-intentioned, it is important to avoid euphemisms that obscure the reality of disability. Using accurate terminology fosters a more honest and respectful conversation.

4. Acknowledge Barriers: Recognize the societal and structural barriers that individuals with disabilities face. Language should reflect the need for accommodations, accessibility, and systemic change.

5. Empowerment Through Language: Language has the power to empower and uplift. Use terms that honor the experiences and identities of individuals with disabilities, and avoid language that perpetuates stereotypes or diminishes their experiences.

Language is a dynamic and evolving tool that shapes our understanding of the world and the people in it. When it comes to discussing disabilities, it is crucial to use terminology that respects the experiences and identities of individuals. While "differently abled" was introduced with positive intentions, its use can sometimes obscure the realities of disability and the need for systemic change. Understanding the distinctions between "differently abled" and "different & able" helps us navigate the complexities of language and promotes a more inclusive and respectful conversation. By listening to the disability community and prioritizing accurate and empowering language, we can contribute to a more equitable and inclusive society for all.

The Rise of Localization and its Implications for Diverse Local Actors

HANDS Foundation's core value lies in People, Partnership, Peace, Planet, and Prosperity. That makes HANDS a fertile platform for localization. Whereas different actors in the development and humanitarian sectors are now talking about localization, which is fundamental to effective development. This shift emphasizes local control and action in tackling global challenges. True localization goes beyond simple translation. It requires deep collaboration among diverse local actors—governments, communities, i.e., community-based organizations (CBOs), organizations of persons with disabilities (DPOs), local support organizations (LSOs), district-level networks (DLNs), and other civil society organizations—to jointly create and implement sustainable solutions. This collaborative approach sparks innovation, breaks down traditional barriers, and empowers local communities to lead their own development journeys.

This shift offers a unique opportunity for these diverse local actors. Recognizing their inherent strengths—deep community roots, cultural understanding, inclusion, and flexibility—these organizations can strategically position themselves to thrive in this changing landscape.

• Community Engagement: These actors must actively involve communities in every phase of the development process, from planning and implementation to monitoring and evaluation. This strengthens community ownership, empowers local voices, and ensures that interventions truly address local needs and priorities.

• Cultural Competence: These organizations possess invaluable insights into local cultures, traditions, and social dynamics. By leveraging this understanding, they can design and implement programs that are culturally sensitive, relevant, and impactful.

• Inclusion: Localization ensures that everyone has a seat at the table. When local people are involved in decisions that affect their lives—women, youth, older people, persons with disabilities, and everyone else—development and humanitarian projects become more meaningful and effective. By valuing the unique experiences and knowledge of all community members, localization creates a more inclusive and equitable path towards a better future for everyone.

• Strategic Partnerships: Building strong alliances with local governments, community leaders, and other local actors, including CBOs, DPOs, LSOs, and DLNs, amplifies impact and ensures sustainability. Furthermore, cultivating relationships with international organizations committed to localization can unlock valuable funding and technical support.

• Localization and Persons with Disabilities: Localization offers a transformative opportunity for persons with disabilities by shifting power, resources, and decision-making to local actors, particularly organizations led by and for persons with disabilities. This approach ensures that development initiatives are culturally relevant, accessible, and inclusive, addressing the unique challenges faced by persons with disabilities. By empowering these organizations to lead and participate in all stages of development—from planning to implementation and evaluation—localization breaks down systemic barriers and fosters sustainable, community-driven solutions. It also challenges stereotypes, promotes awareness, and creates equitable opportunities for persons with disabilities to thrive. Ultimately, localization not only amplifies the voices of persons with disabilities but also paves the way for a more inclusive and just society where everyone can contribute to and benefit from development.

• Capacity Building: These organizations must invest in strengthening their organizational capacity across all areas—financial management, governance, program design, and staff development. This includes providing training opportunities to enhance skills and expertise, ensuring organizational sustainability, and maximizing their impact.

• Effective Communication and Outreach: These organizations must effectively communicate their mission, achievements, and the impact of their work to a wider audience. This involves utilizing various channels, including social media and local media outlets, to showcase their successes and advocate for their cause.

• Robust Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Systems: Rigorous M&E allows these organizations to track progress, measure impact, and identify areas for improvement. By continuously learning and adapting, these organizations can ensure that their interventions remain relevant and effective in a dynamic environment.

• Financial Sustainability: These organizations must diversify their funding sources, exploring avenues beyond traditional grants. This may involve developing social enterprises, seeking alternative funding mechanisms, and building strong relationships with local donors.

In conclusion, positioning diverse local actors—including CBOs, DPOs, LSOs, and DLNs—to thrive in the era of localization requires a multifaceted approach. By embracing community engagement, leveraging cultural competence, forging strategic partnerships, investing in capacity building, and prioritizing effective communication and M&E, these organizations can not only survive but also thrive in this evolving landscape. They can play a pivotal role in driving sustainable development at the local level, ensuring that the voices of local communities are heard, and contributing to a more equitable and just world.

Disclaimer:

This blog post represents the personal opinions and views of the author. It is important to note that these views may not necessarily reflect the official positions or endorsements of the HANDS Foundation.